Indonesia and Vietnam together accounted for about 68.8% of valid-permit workers.
Migrant labour is now a visible part of Taiwan’s demographic and workforce structure. At end-2025, workers from Indonesia and Vietnam together made up about 68.8% of the valid-permit total, with the Philippines and Thailand making up most of the rest. The same MOL table splits origins across productive industries and social welfare work.
Source 1: Workforce Development Agency, Ministry of Labor, R.O.C. (Taiwan)
Publisher: Workforce Development Agency, Ministry of Labor, R.O.C. (Taiwan)
Units: persons
Values are foreign workers with valid employment permits, divided into productive industries and social welfare. “Others” is essentially negligible in the end-2025 row.
Origin totals are derived by adding productive-industry and social-welfare columns for each nationality in MOL Table 12-3, using the end-2025 row.
Taiwan’s 5 largest coal suppliers
Australia supplied 28.0M short tons and Indonesia 17.3M of Taiwan’s 2025 coal imports.
Taiwan’s Largest Ammonia Suppliers, 2024
Saudi Arabia and Indonesia supplied most of Taiwan’s anhydrous ammonia imports.
Taiwan Semiconductor Value Chain: Foundry, Design and Backend
Foundry dominated 2024 output; packaging and testing together were 11.7%.